Files
tsunagi/crates/tsunagi-wg-quic/src/device.rs
T
ab b4f3e57c8d Implement fast userspace multihop mesh routing
Replace the one-intermediate-peer relay with protocol-scoped connectivity
graphs and precomputed shortest-path/ECMP forwarding snapshots. Independent
transport readers forward opaque transit frames without a plugin or TUN
round trip. Carry source, destination, a bounded hop limit and stable flow
tags; preserve end-to-end WireGuard links across topology changes.

Classify IP flows before encryption and preserve their tags through the
WireGuard pending queue. Add offline four-agent path-change coverage, loop
and isolation tests, and an opt-in release forwarding microbenchmark. Bump
control/data ALPNs while preserving persistent network identities and state.

Also include the pending Windows Mainline idle-timeout fix and its regression
test, using a reproducible vendored dependency patch.

Validation: fmt, workspace Clippy with warnings denied, and 307 release tests
passed. Two pre-existing Windows SQLite wipe failures were excluded; public
DHT and the manual benchmark remain ignored by default. The forwarding
microbenchmark measured 103 ns (64 B) and 202 ns (1280 B) per transit packet,
excluding encryption and socket I/O.
2026-09-22 18:08:26 +03:00

692 lines
24 KiB
Rust

//! Userspace WireGuard.
//!
//! The protocol itself is [`boringtun::noise::Tunn`], which is pure state
//! machine: no sockets, no TUN, no kernel module. That is what lets this work
//! the same way on any platform and be tested end to end without privileges.
//!
//! ```text
//! TunDevice (IP packets) PacketLink per peer
//! | |
//! v v
//! destination address -> peer --Tunn.encapsulate--> ciphertext
//! source address checked <--Tunn.decapsulate-- ciphertext
//! ```
//!
//! # Address ownership is enforced here
//!
//! Kernel WireGuard enforces `AllowedIPs`; in userspace we must do it
//! ourselves, and we do:
//!
//! * outbound, a packet is routed to the peer that **owns** its destination
//! address, where ownership is the signed claim the system level agreed;
//! * inbound, a decrypted packet is dropped unless its **source** is exactly
//! the address that peer holds.
//!
//! So a participant cannot receive traffic addressed to someone else, and
//! cannot forge traffic that appears to come from someone else. Neither
//! check consults anything the peer said here: an address is claimed at the
//! system level and signed by its holder, and that is what is compared
//! against.
use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU32, AtomicU64, Ordering};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
use std::time::Duration;
use boringtun::noise::{Tunn, TunnResult};
use bytes::Bytes;
use iroh::EndpointId;
use tokio::task::JoinHandle;
use tsunagi::dataplane::routing::{FlowId, flow::ip_flow};
use tsunagi::dataplane::transport::{SharedLink, TransportError};
use tsunagi::dataplane::{PacketSink, PluginError};
use tsunagi::identity::NetworkId;
use crate::keys::{WgPublicKey, WgSecretKey};
/// How often WireGuard's own timers are driven.
///
/// boringtun expects this at least every few hundred milliseconds; it is what
/// drives handshakes, rekeying and keepalives.
const TIMER_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(250);
/// Scratch space for one encapsulate or decapsulate call.
const SCRATCH: usize = 4096;
/// Mirrors boringtun 0.7's bounded pending-packet FIFO with opaque flow tags.
/// All three operations share the same mutex as the cryptographic state.
struct FlowTunnel {
tunn: Tunn,
queued: VecDeque<FlowId>,
}
fn is_data(result: &TunnResult<'_>) -> bool {
matches!(result, TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(bytes) if bytes.starts_with(&[4, 0, 0, 0]))
}
impl FlowTunnel {
fn encapsulate<'a>(
&mut self,
packet: &[u8],
scratch: &'a mut [u8],
flow: FlowId,
) -> (TunnResult<'a>, FlowId) {
let result = self.tunn.encapsulate(packet, scratch);
if is_data(&result) {
return (result, flow);
}
// MAX_QUEUE_DEPTH in boringtun 0.7: the newest packet is dropped at 256.
if self.queued.len() < 256 {
self.queued.push_back(flow);
}
(result, 0)
}
fn decapsulate<'a>(
&mut self,
packet: &[u8],
scratch: &'a mut [u8],
) -> (TunnResult<'a>, FlowId) {
let result = self.tunn.decapsulate(None, packet, scratch);
let mut flow = 0;
if packet.is_empty() {
if is_data(&result) {
flow = self.queued.pop_front().unwrap_or(0);
} else if let Some(pending) = self.queued.pop_front() {
// Without a session, draining pops the oldest IP packet and
// encapsulate queues it again at the back.
self.queued.push_back(pending);
}
}
(result, flow)
}
fn update_timers<'a>(&mut self, scratch: &'a mut [u8]) -> TunnResult<'a> {
let result = self.tunn.update_timers(scratch);
if matches!(
result,
TunnResult::Err(boringtun::noise::errors::WireGuardError::ConnectionExpired)
) {
self.queued.clear();
}
result
}
}
/// Counters for one peer's tunnel.
#[derive(Debug, Default)]
struct PeerCounters {
tx_packets: AtomicU64,
tx_bytes: AtomicU64,
rx_packets: AtomicU64,
rx_bytes: AtomicU64,
dropped_wrong_source: AtomicU64,
dropped_oversize: AtomicU64,
/// Packets there was no session to encrypt with yet.
dropped_no_session: AtomicU64,
protocol_errors: AtomicU64,
}
/// A snapshot of one peer's tunnel counters.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct PeerStats {
/// Plaintext packets encrypted and sent to this peer.
pub tx_packets: u64,
/// Plaintext bytes encrypted and sent to this peer.
pub tx_bytes: u64,
/// Plaintext packets decrypted from this peer and given to the OS.
pub rx_packets: u64,
/// Plaintext bytes decrypted from this peer and given to the OS.
pub rx_bytes: u64,
/// Packets dropped because their source was not this peer's address.
///
/// A non-zero value means a peer tried to use an address it does not own.
pub dropped_wrong_source: u64,
/// Packets dropped because they did not fit in one link datagram.
pub dropped_oversize: u64,
/// Packets dropped because there was no session to encrypt with yet.
///
/// A handful while a tunnel comes up is normal; a number that keeps
/// climbing means the handshake is not completing.
pub dropped_no_session: u64,
/// WireGuard protocol errors, including packets that failed to decrypt.
pub protocol_errors: u64,
}
/// Whether a peer's tunnel has completed a handshake.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct PeerHealth {
/// Time since the last successful WireGuard handshake.
///
/// `None` means no handshake has completed yet, so the tunnel is not
/// carrying traffic. This is reported as it is, never guessed.
pub since_handshake: Option<Duration>,
}
impl PeerHealth {
/// Whether the tunnel has ever completed a handshake.
pub fn is_up(&self) -> bool {
self.since_handshake.is_some()
}
}
struct Peer {
endpoint_id: EndpointId,
public_key: WgPublicKey,
/// The overlay address this peer holds, as the control plane agreed it.
///
/// Not derived here and not taken from the peer: the system level
/// allocates it, the peer signs the claim, and every protocol carries
/// traffic for the same address.
overlay_v4: Mutex<Option<Ipv4Addr>>,
tunn: Mutex<FlowTunnel>,
link: SharedLink,
counters: Arc<PeerCounters>,
task: Mutex<Option<JoinHandle<()>>>,
}
impl std::fmt::Debug for Peer {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("Peer")
.field("peer", &self.endpoint_id.fmt_short().to_string())
.field("public_key", &self.public_key)
.finish()
}
}
impl Drop for Peer {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if let Ok(mut guard) = self.task.lock()
&& let Some(task) = guard.take()
{
task.abort();
}
}
}
impl Peer {
fn stats(&self) -> PeerStats {
PeerStats {
tx_packets: self.counters.tx_packets.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
tx_bytes: self.counters.tx_bytes.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
rx_packets: self.counters.rx_packets.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
rx_bytes: self.counters.rx_bytes.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
dropped_wrong_source: self.counters.dropped_wrong_source.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
dropped_oversize: self.counters.dropped_oversize.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
dropped_no_session: self.counters.dropped_no_session.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
protocol_errors: self.counters.protocol_errors.load(Ordering::Relaxed),
}
}
fn health(&self) -> PeerHealth {
let guard = match self.tunn.lock() {
Ok(guard) => guard,
Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
};
PeerHealth {
since_handshake: guard.tunn.time_since_last_handshake(),
}
}
}
/// What a peer's tunnel looks like from outside.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct PeerSummary {
/// The peer's control plane identity.
pub endpoint_id: EndpointId,
/// The peer's WireGuard public key.
pub public_key: WgPublicKey,
/// The overlay address it holds, once the control plane has agreed one.
pub overlay_address_v4: Option<Ipv4Addr>,
/// Whether the tunnel has handshaken.
pub health: PeerHealth,
/// Traffic counters.
pub stats: PeerStats,
/// What the transport reports about the path carrying this tunnel.
pub path: String,
/// Largest datagram the link accepts.
pub max_datagram: usize,
}
struct Inner {
network: NetworkId,
private_key: WgSecretKey,
peers: RwLock<HashMap<WgPublicKey, Arc<Peer>>>,
/// Where decrypted packets go.
///
/// The interface belongs to the system level, so this hands a packet up
/// rather than writing it out: only that level knows which addresses the
/// sending member is entitled to use.
sink: Arc<dyn PacketSink>,
next_index: AtomicU32,
}
impl std::fmt::Debug for Inner {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("Inner")
.field("network", &self.network.fmt_short())
.finish()
}
}
/// The userspace WireGuard tunnels of one network.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct WireguardDevice {
inner: Arc<Inner>,
tasks: Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
}
impl WireguardDevice {
/// Starts the tunnels for one network.
///
/// No interface is involved: packets arrive through [`Self::carry`] and
/// leave through the sink. Which address belongs to whom, and therefore
/// where a packet should go, is decided above this.
pub fn start(network: NetworkId, private_key: WgSecretKey, sink: Arc<dyn PacketSink>) -> Self {
let inner = Arc::new(Inner {
network,
private_key,
peers: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
sink,
next_index: AtomicU32::new(1),
});
let timers = tokio::spawn(drive_timers(Arc::clone(&inner)));
Self {
inner,
tasks: vec![timers],
}
}
/// Encrypts a packet and sends it to a peer.
///
/// `false` when there is no tunnel for that peer, which is a state the
/// caller reports rather than an error: a peer whose link has not come
/// up yet is normal.
pub fn carry(&self, peer: iroh::EndpointId, packet: &[u8]) -> bool {
let found = read_lock(&self.inner.peers)
.values()
.find(|candidate| candidate.endpoint_id == peer)
.map(Arc::clone);
let Some(peer) = found else {
return false;
};
let mut scratch = [0u8; SCRATCH];
let flow = ip_flow(packet);
// The encryption is the whole of what this protocol contributes, so
// it happens here rather than anywhere the packet passes through.
// The lock is released before the send: a slow link must not hold up
// the tunnel's timers.
let result = {
let mut tunn = match peer.tunn.lock() {
Ok(guard) => guard,
Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
};
let (result, selected_flow) = tunn.encapsulate(packet, &mut scratch, flow);
match result {
TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(out) => Some((out.len(), selected_flow)),
// No session yet, so nothing to send. Counted as dropped
// rather than reported: the handshake is in flight and the
// next packet will go.
_ => None,
}
};
let Some((len, selected_flow)) = result else {
peer.counters
.dropped_no_session
.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
return false;
};
send_to_peer_flow(&peer, &scratch[..len], selected_flow);
peer.counters.tx_packets.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
peer.counters
.tx_bytes
.fetch_add(packet.len() as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
true
}
/// Adds or replaces a peer and starts its tunnel.
///
/// `overlay_v4` is decided by the caller, because only it knows whether
/// both sides agree on an IPv4 range. `None` means this peer is reachable
/// over IPv6 only.
pub fn add_peer(
&self,
endpoint_id: EndpointId,
public_key: WgPublicKey,
overlay_v4: Option<Ipv4Addr>,
link: SharedLink,
keepalive: Option<u16>,
) -> Result<(), PluginError> {
if public_key == self.inner.private_key.public() {
return Err(PluginError::Rejected(
"refusing to add ourselves as a WireGuard peer".into(),
));
}
let index = self.inner.next_index.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
let tunn = Tunn::new(
self.inner.private_key.to_static_secret(),
public_key.into_x25519(),
None,
keepalive,
index,
None,
);
let peer = Arc::new(Peer {
endpoint_id,
public_key,
overlay_v4: Mutex::new(overlay_v4),
tunn: Mutex::new(FlowTunnel {
tunn,
queued: VecDeque::new(),
}),
link,
counters: Arc::new(PeerCounters::default()),
task: Mutex::new(None),
});
let task = tokio::spawn(read_from_link(Arc::clone(&self.inner), Arc::clone(&peer)));
if let Ok(mut guard) = peer.task.lock() {
*guard = Some(task);
}
write_lock(&self.inner.peers).insert(public_key, Arc::clone(&peer));
// Start the handshake now instead of waiting for the next timer tick,
// so the tunnel is usable as soon as the link exists.
kick_handshake(&peer);
Ok(())
}
/// Removes a peer and stops its tunnel.
pub fn remove_peer(&self, public_key: &WgPublicKey) {
// Dropping it stops the task and closes the link; there is no route
// to withdraw, because routes are not kept here.
write_lock(&self.inner.peers).remove(public_key);
}
/// Removes every peer whose key is not in `keep`.
pub fn retain_peers(&self, keep: &[WgPublicKey]) {
let stale: Vec<WgPublicKey> = read_lock(&self.inner.peers)
.keys()
.filter(|key| !keep.contains(key))
.copied()
.collect();
for key in stale {
self.remove_peer(&key);
}
}
/// Whether a peer's tunnel exists.
pub fn has_peer(&self, public_key: &WgPublicKey) -> bool {
read_lock(&self.inner.peers).contains_key(public_key)
}
/// A snapshot of every peer.
pub fn peers(&self) -> Vec<PeerSummary> {
let mut peers: Vec<PeerSummary> = read_lock(&self.inner.peers)
.values()
.map(|peer| {
let overlay_v4 = match peer.overlay_v4.lock() {
Ok(guard) => *guard,
Err(poisoned) => *poisoned.into_inner(),
};
PeerSummary {
endpoint_id: peer.endpoint_id,
public_key: peer.public_key,
overlay_address_v4: overlay_v4,
health: peer.health(),
stats: peer.stats(),
path: peer.link.path_description(),
max_datagram: peer.link.max_datagram_size(),
}
})
.collect();
peers.sort_by_key(|peer| peer.public_key);
peers
}
}
impl Drop for WireguardDevice {
fn drop(&mut self) {
for task in &self.tasks {
task.abort();
}
}
}
fn read_lock<T>(lock: &RwLock<T>) -> std::sync::RwLockReadGuard<'_, T> {
match lock.read() {
Ok(guard) => guard,
Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
}
}
fn write_lock<T>(lock: &RwLock<T>) -> std::sync::RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T> {
match lock.write() {
Ok(guard) => guard,
Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
}
}
/// Asks boringtun for a handshake initiation and sends it.
///
/// This does not enqueue an empty IP packet in boringtun's pending queue.
fn kick_handshake(peer: &Peer) {
let mut scratch = vec![0u8; SCRATCH];
let len = {
let mut tunn = match peer.tunn.lock() {
Ok(guard) => guard,
Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
};
match tunn.tunn.format_handshake_initiation(&mut scratch, false) {
TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(out) => Some(out.len()),
_ => None,
}
};
if let Some(len) = len {
send_to_peer(peer, &scratch[..len]);
}
}
/// Sends whatever boringtun produced, without holding the tunnel lock.
fn send_to_peer(peer: &Peer, payload: &[u8]) {
send_to_peer_flow(peer, payload, 0);
}
fn send_to_peer_flow(peer: &Peer, payload: &[u8], flow: FlowId) {
match peer.link.send_flow(Bytes::copy_from_slice(payload), flow) {
Ok(()) => {}
Err(TransportError::TooLarge { .. }) => {
peer.counters
.dropped_oversize
.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
}
Err(TransportError::Closed) => {}
Err(err) => {
tracing::trace!(%err, "dropping a WireGuard packet the link refused");
}
}
}
async fn read_from_link(inner: Arc<Inner>, peer: Arc<Peer>) {
let mut scratch = vec![0u8; SCRATCH];
loop {
let Some(datagram) = peer.link.recv().await else {
return;
};
// boringtun may need several passes: a handshake reply first, then
// any packets that were queued while the session was coming up.
let mut input: Option<&[u8]> = Some(&datagram);
loop {
let outcome = {
let mut tunn = match peer.tunn.lock() {
Ok(guard) => guard,
Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
};
let (result, flow) = tunn.decapsulate(input.unwrap_or(&[]), &mut scratch);
match result {
TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(out) => Outcome::ToNetwork(out.len(), flow),
// The source boringtun reports is not consulted here:
// whether the peer may use it is checked where the
// claims live.
TunnResult::WriteToTunnelV6(out, _) => Outcome::ToTunnel(out.len()),
TunnResult::WriteToTunnelV4(out, _) => Outcome::ToTunnel(out.len()),
TunnResult::Done => Outcome::Done,
TunnResult::Err(err) => {
tracing::trace!(?err, "wireguard decapsulation failed");
Outcome::Failed
}
}
};
match outcome {
Outcome::ToNetwork(len, flow) => {
send_to_peer_flow(&peer, &scratch[..len], flow);
// Keep draining with an empty datagram, as boringtun asks.
input = None;
continue;
}
Outcome::ToTunnel(len) => {
// Handed up, not written out. This end has proved *who*
// sent the packet; whether that member may use the source
// address it chose is a question about a signed claim,
// and only the system level holds those.
let payload = Bytes::copy_from_slice(&scratch[..len]);
inner
.sink
.deliver(inner.network, peer.endpoint_id, payload)
.await;
peer.counters.rx_packets.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
peer.counters
.rx_bytes
.fetch_add(len as u64, Ordering::Relaxed);
break;
}
Outcome::Failed => {
peer.counters
.protocol_errors
.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
break;
}
Outcome::Done => break,
}
}
}
}
enum Outcome {
ToNetwork(usize, FlowId),
ToTunnel(usize),
Done,
Failed,
}
/// Drives WireGuard's handshake, rekey and keepalive timers.
async fn drive_timers(inner: Arc<Inner>) {
let mut ticker = tokio::time::interval(TIMER_INTERVAL);
ticker.set_missed_tick_behavior(tokio::time::MissedTickBehavior::Delay);
loop {
ticker.tick().await;
let peers: Vec<Arc<Peer>> = read_lock(&inner.peers).values().cloned().collect();
for peer in peers {
let mut scratch = vec![0u8; SCRATCH];
let len = {
let mut tunn = match peer.tunn.lock() {
Ok(guard) => guard,
Err(poisoned) => poisoned.into_inner(),
};
match tunn.update_timers(&mut scratch) {
TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(out) => Some(out.len()),
TunnResult::Err(err) => {
tracing::trace!(?err, "wireguard timer produced an error");
None
}
_ => None,
}
};
if let Some(len) = len {
send_to_peer(&peer, &scratch[..len]);
}
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod flow_tests {
#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used, clippy::expect_used, clippy::panic)]
use super::*;
fn tunnel(ours: &WgSecretKey, theirs: &WgSecretKey) -> FlowTunnel {
FlowTunnel {
tunn: Tunn::new(
ours.to_static_secret(),
theirs.public().into_x25519(),
None,
None,
1,
None,
),
queued: VecDeque::new(),
}
}
fn wire(result: TunnResult<'_>) -> Vec<u8> {
match result {
TunnResult::WriteToNetwork(bytes) => bytes.to_vec(),
_ => panic!("expected WireGuard frame"),
}
}
#[test]
fn flow_tags_survive_pending_queue_overflow_handshake_and_encryption() {
let ak = WgSecretKey::from_bytes(&[1; 32]);
let bk = WgSecretKey::from_bytes(&[2; 32]);
let mut a = tunnel(&ak, &bk);
let mut b = tunnel(&bk, &ak);
let mut scratch = [0u8; SCRATCH];
let mut packet = [0u8; 40];
packet[0] = 0x45;
packet[2..4].copy_from_slice(&40u16.to_be_bytes());
packet[9] = 6;
packet[12..20].copy_from_slice(&[10, 0, 0, 1, 10, 0, 0, 2]);
let (result, flow) = a.encapsulate(&packet, &mut scratch, 100);
assert_eq!(
flow, 0,
"handshake does not masquerade as application traffic"
);
let hello = wire(result);
for flow in 101..400 {
let _ = a.encapsulate(&packet, &mut scratch, flow);
}
assert_eq!(a.queued.len(), 256);
let response = wire(b.decapsulate(&hello, &mut scratch).0);
let keepalive = wire(a.decapsulate(&response, &mut scratch).0);
let _ = b.decapsulate(&keepalive, &mut scratch);
for expected in 100..356 {
let (result, flow) = a.decapsulate(&[], &mut scratch);
assert_eq!(flow, expected);
let ciphertext = wire(result);
match b.decapsulate(&ciphertext, &mut scratch).0 {
TunnResult::WriteToTunnelV4(bytes, _) => assert_eq!(bytes, packet),
_ => panic!("queued IP packet must decrypt"),
}
}
assert!(a.queued.is_empty());
assert!(matches!(
a.decapsulate(&[], &mut scratch).0,
TunnResult::Done
));
let (result, flow) = a.encapsulate(&packet, &mut scratch, 12345);
assert!(is_data(&result));
assert_eq!(flow, 12345);
}
}